Which item is considered essential safety equipment for all vessels?

The item identified as essential safety equipment for all vessels is a life jacket for every passenger. Life jackets, or personal flotation devices (PFDs), are critical because they provide buoyancy and help prevent drowning in the event of an accident or a person falling overboard. Regardless of the size or type of vessel, ensuring that every individual on board has access to a properly fitting life jacket is a fundamental safety measure mandated by law in many regions, including California.

While a spare anchor can be useful in certain situations, it is not considered essential for safety in the way that life jackets are. Similarly, extra oars might aid in maneuverability or assistance in a pinch but do not directly address the safety of individuals. A fishing rod and reel, while potentially enjoyable for passengers, do not serve any safety purpose on the water. Therefore, having a life jacket for every passenger is paramount for ensuring the safety of all individuals aboard a vessel, making it the correct choice in this context.